The S-Curve

Welcome to The S-Curve

Now you will be able to receive the latest announcements, product updates, and our insights on the mortgage market in real time.

The name of the blog, the S-Curve, is a reflection of our logo and the central feature of our prepayment model. S-curves are seen in nature in many phenomenon, from population growth to prepayment and default models. Our first S-curve, in the early 1990s, used the arctangent function, then piece-wise linear functions, and evolved over time to be more complex and vary by FICO, loan size and LTV. This evolution encapsulates both the timeless nature of fundamental relationships and constant innovation to describe them better over time.

We hope you find the information useful and we look forward to your feedback.

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Blog - Latest
  • Panoramic Capital Podcast: Prepayment Modeling with Daniel Swanson

    Daniel Swanson

    Podcast

    Recently, senior credit modeler, Daniel Swanson had the pleasure of speaking with Rob Kessel from the Panoramic Capital Academy podcast titled, “Modeler’s Perspective on Prepayment Modeling.  This podcast is part of the curriculum in Panoramic Capital Academy's capital market course, an accredited 14-week class for capital market professionals, including hedging mortgage pipelines and valuing mortgage servicing rights (MSRs).  The discussion covered topics like data gathering, how to forecast speeds in an ever-changing world, validating results and how modeling evolved to include more loan-specific variables.

    Click here to listen. 

    About Panoramic Capital Academy and Consulting

    Panoramic Capital Academy and Consulting offers an advanced mortgage capital markets training program, providing accessible and foundational education to the mortgage industry to accelerate careers, improve financial performance, and foster respect in the industry.  Panoramic also provides mortgage capital market consulting services.  

    More information can be found at www.panoramiccap.com.

  • Real World Data on House Price Impact of Climate Risks

    Eknath Belbase

    Thoughts

    The earliest paper we found examining the impact of climate risks on house prices was from 2017, which found a relationship between elevation/sea level rise and house price differences.[1]

    We built our climate-conditioned HPA model in 2022 based on the idea that an increase in insurance costs would impact house prices (something we had not studied yet) in the same way that an increase of the same size in mortgage rates would impact house prices (something that we were quite familiar with).

    The real world evidence for this relationship has been accumulating recently – on October 15, 2024 the Washington Post published an article entitled “Where climate change poses the most and least risk to American homeowners” which contains the following chart (which is based on an analysis of 2 million home sales in Florida since 2000):

    Home Price Appreciation on the Florida Coast

    We can see from the lines comparing lower and higher flood risk properties that until very recently, the housing market was not pricing for flood risk. But now there is a clear divergence in price trend.

    For the particular case of Florida, there is reason to believe that this trend will strengthen in the near term: until recently, the only reason most people got flood insurance was that they were in a FEMA flood zone and they were required to buy a NFIP policy in order to obtain a mortgage. FEMA flood zone maps are known to be extremely outdated. However, with the accumulation of flooding incidents occurring outside those zones and the publishing of flood risk scores on Zillow, buyers are becoming much more aware of flood risk whether or not a property is in a FEMA zone.

    Additionally, the state of Florida is gradually requiring all homeowners buying insurance through Citizens (its FAIR plan for homeowner’s insurance) to also have flood insurance regardless of flood zone status. This requirement started in 2024 for houses priced $600,000 and above, and by January 1, 2027, will extend to all properties insured by Citizens. At the end of 2023, Citizens was the largest insurer in Florida with 15% of all policies and over half a trillion dollars of insured properties.

    Furthermore, the different post-event experiences of homeowners who have flood insurance versus those who didn’t is likely to encourage more homeowners – even those not taking a policy through Citizens – to add flood insurance to their property. So flood risk, at least in Florida, is getting closer to being fully priced into real estate values.

    While the Washington Post article only discusses flood risk, all borrower costs matter to housing affordability – property taxes, homeowner’s and flood insurance, and the mortgage (leaving aside the psychological costs of nuisance events that don’t rise to the level of filing a claim). To truly capture the potential impact on both house prices and borrower behavior of all these rising costs, a fully climate conditioned approach, combining home prices as well as borrower behavior models (how will prepayment, delinquency, default and loss severity be affected?) is required. This is what our Climate Impact Suite offers.

     [1] https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3073842&itid=lk_inline_enhanced-template
  • AD&Co Welcomes New Third-Party Vendor: Mortgage Capital Trading, Inc. (MCT®)

    Michelle Stepien Breier

    News

    Andrew Davidson & Co., Inc (AD&Co) is pleased to announce a new alliance with Mortgage Capital Trading, Inc. (MCT), a leading provider of mortgage capital market solutions.

    MCT’s mortgage servicing rights valuation model, MSRlive!, now supports AD&Co’s Agency, Agency+, Non-Agency and Multifamily LoanDynamics Model (LDM), providing clients with forecasts of prepayments, defaults and loss given defaults on agency pools and whole loans, as well as non-agency and multifamily loans and securities, respectively.

    Valuation tools are vital to making investment decisions and MSRlive! provides MSR portfolio managers and mortgage bankers with the tools necessary to manage their MSR investments. Coupled with AD&Co’s LDM, clients can now access to a multi-model framework when building and managing their MSR portfolios.

    AD&Co would like to thank MCT for their dedication to offering LDM through the MSRlive! platform and servicing our mutual clients to ensure their success.

    Are you interested in learning more about accessing LDM via the MSRlive! platform? Please contact Bill Shirreffs at bshirreffs@mctrade.net.

  • Empowering Our Community: AD&Co's Commitment to DEI and Social Impact

    Ashlea Bonds

    Events

    At Andrew Davidson & Co., Inc. (AD&Co), our dedication to Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion (DEI) has been a cornerstone of our values. We established our DEI Committee in 2020, following the tragic murder of George Floyd. Despite the evolving landscape, including the recent U.S. Supreme Court decision impacting affirmative action in higher education, we remain steadfast in our commitment to fostering an inclusive environment that strengthens both our employees and the company.

    On August 15, we came together at our New York office for a meaningful community service project. Partnering with Volunteers of America® Greater New York's Operation Backpack®, our team assembled and distributed backpacks filled with essential school supplies for unhoused students across New York City. These backpacks, which serve elementary, middle, and high school students, included a personal touch: handwritten notes wishing each student a successful school year. We believe every child deserves access to the resources they need to thrive, and we're honored to contribute to easing their transition into a new school year.

    Operation_Backpack_2024
    AD&Co team assembled to fill backpacks with essential school supplies for unhoused and underprivileged children.

     

    Later that day, our team participated in the "Other Side of Wall St." walk led by Kamau Ware of Black Gotham Experience. The walk began with a naming ceremony introducing members of North America's first Free Black Settlement. As we explored the historical impact of these early settlers on New York City, we were struck by the absence of formal recognition for their contributions in the city's landmarks. Kamau's insightful stories and imagery brought to light the rich yet often overlooked layers of history, reminding us of the importance of acknowledging and celebrating all aspects of our past. As a Black woman in mortgage finance, I take pride in working for a firm like AD&Co, which not only supports but actively promotes the values of diversity, equity, and inclusion. Our ongoing efforts are a testament to our commitment to elevating our employees, enhancing our business, and advancing our industry.

    Black_Gotham_Experience_Walk_2024
    AD&Co learning about the history of Manuel Plaza, a beautiful gathering spot dedicated to the impact of African Diaspora in the development of New York.

     

  • AD&Conversations Improving Mortgage Data: A Data Exchange for Mortgage Ecosystem

    Eknath Belbase, Michelle Stepien Breier, Richard Cooperstein

    Podcast

    Tune in to Eknath Belbase's interview with Michelle Stepien Breier & Richard Cooperstein as they discuss their latest Pipeline article “Improving Mortgage Data: A Data Exchange for the Mortgage Ecosystem.” The interview highlights key points from the article as they share their vision of a mortgage data exchange. If you’re intrigued and eager to learn more, hit play or click the link to read the full article! 

    Login is required to access this Pipeline article. 

     

     

Blog - Archives

The S-Curve Archives

  • Ashlea Bonds

    News

    We’re excited to announce a major addition to the Andrew Davidson & Co., Inc. (AD&Co) team. Industry leaders Kelli Sayres and Gene Park, known for building and scaling leading fixed-income analytics platforms, have joined AD&Co’s Business Development team.

  • Sanjeeban Chatterjee, Vivian Li, Joni Baker, Richard Cooperstein

    Thoughts

    Building on our earlier research on expanded consumer attributes, AD&Co continues to explore how credit data contributes to modeling delinquency and prepayment risk, which are key drivers of mortgage servicing rights cash flows and valuation.

  • Joann Gollette

    Events

    Andrew Davidson recently joined NFM Lending’s Greg Sher on the One On One podcast to discuss our recent white paper, “The Impact of Moving Away From the Tri-Merge Standard.”

  • Eknath Belbase, Daniel Swanson, Yvonne Chen

    Events

    AD&Co recently sponsored and attended SFVegas 2026 and Optimal Blue Summit 2026. This post shares the AD&Co team's unique perspectives and key takeaways from attending both conferences.

  • Alex Levin

    News

    AD&Co US Mortgage High Yield Indices

    The Federal Reserve Economic Data (FRED) portal, housed by the Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, has been publishing AD&Co’s CRT indices since 2019. These series posted under the overall name of “US Mortgage High-Yield” include total return rates and credit and option-adjusted spreads (crOAS) – a projected return’s spread over Treasury (in the past, Libor). These series are available going back to 2014-end and tiered by CRT initial supports.

  • Joni Baker, Sanjeeban Chatterjee, Richard Cooperstein, Andrew Davidson

    Thoughts

    In July 2025, the US Federal Housing Finance Agency (FHFA) announced that the government-sponsored entities (the Enterprises or GSEs), Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, would permit lenders to choose between Classic FICO and VantageScore 4.0 credit score models for loans sold to the GSEs. FHFA also stated in a social media post that the tri-merge standard would be maintained for mortgage underwriting. Nevertheless, some mortgage industry stakeholders recommend moving away from the tri-merge standard for GSE mortgages in favor of a single or bi-merge report standard.

  • Joann Gollette

    News

    As housing faces more climate threats that result in more losses, the insurance program that it sits on is teetering on the brink of collapse. Yet, the home insurance market has three distinct stakeholders that have competing priorities, and today, there is no motivation for a collaborative solution.

    Understanding how to strengthen and protect the current structure requires looking at the cost burdens along with the risk for each of those parties.

  • Sanjeeban Chatterjee

    Thoughts

    There has been a flurry of activity in the mortgage markets since the 2018 passage of the Economic Growth, Regulatory Relief, and Consumer Protection Act. This act requires the Federal Housing Finance Agency (FHFA, now known as US Federal Housing) to validate and modernize the credit score models used in the housing finance system. It should be noted that so far, the discourse has been around mortgages sold to the Enterprises (Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac). Ginnie Mae has not provided any guidance on their plans to start using new credit score models.

  • Vivian Li, Rob Landauer

    Events

    Andrew Davidson & Co., Inc (AD&Co) proudly sponsored IMN’s 11th Annual Mortgage Servicing Rights (MSR) Forum by Informa at the New York Hilton Midtown. Senior modeler Daniel Swanson joined the “Managing Delinquencies & Forbearance Value” panel in discussing how servicers are adapting to today’s market and the evolving delinquency trends.

  • Kevin Lin, Eknath Belbase

    Podcast

    Tune in to our fourth episode of AD&Conversations with Kevin Lin and Eknath Belbase, our product lead for our Climate model. In this episode, they discuss the new Climate Impact Suite (CIS) pilot project, and Belbase outlines several challenges the team is navigating, including: